The Union Cabinet, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has recently approved a plan called “One Nation, One Election.” This idea suggests that elections for both the Lok Sabha (the national parliament) and the state assemblies should happen at the same time all across India. Prime Minister Modi has been supporting this idea for a long time.
Right now, elections for state assemblies and the Lok Sabha are held separately, either after five years or if the current government is dissolved for some reason.
Why “One Nation, One Election”?
Supporters believe that having elections at the same time can save a lot of money, improve government efficiency, and might even encourage more people to vote. For example, around ₹60,000 crore was spent during the 2019 Lok Sabha elections, which includes both the costs for political parties and the Election Commission of India. Additionally, there are high expenses linked to moving security personnel for each election, which distracts from their regular duties.
A Brief History:
The idea of simultaneous elections isn’t new; it dates back to India’s first general elections in 1951-52 when they were held together with all state elections. However, from 1967 onwards, this practice was disrupted due to issues like hung assemblies, leading to elections being held at different times.
Pros and Cons:
Proponents argue that simultaneous elections reduce the burden on state resources, prevent political parties from being in constant campaign mode, and may help reduce corruption. On the other hand, critics worry that it could allow the central government to overpower regional parties and influence state politics.
Challenges Ahead:
While the idea sounds beneficial, it faces many hurdles. Critics raise concerns about losing the local focus during elections and the need for changes to the Constitution. Implementing this plan requires doing several things:
1. Making constitutional amendments that need support from two-thirds of the Parliament.
2. Getting approval from at least half of the states.
3. Changing important laws like the Representation of People Act, 1951.
4. Handling logistics such as ensuring enough electronic voting machines (EVMs) and security staff are available.
Overall, “One Nation, One Election” is a big idea that could change how we vote in India, but there are many things to consider before it can happen.